tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22658285196210711592024-03-05T03:59:29.985-08:00Smooth English: ESL & Accent Reduction Training Find tips, video and App links for how to improve your overall English and various aspects of your American English pronunciation. For more training, find Sheila at http://www.smooth-english.comSheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-78737431735523911112020-08-06T14:27:00.005-07:002020-08-06T14:45:36.067-07:00The Rhythm of English<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; text-align: center;">This lesson accompanies the YouTube video "Rhythm Lesson for Accent Reduction" found at:<a href="https://youtu.be/pX3UKwYxanc"> https://youtu.be/pX3UKwYxanc </a></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; text-align: center;">The repetition audio can be found at: <a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/the-rhythm-of-english">https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/the-rhythm-of-english</a></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Rhythm </b></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<ol>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">English has stress-timed rhythm. This means that there is about the same amount of time between each stress in a spoken phrase. Other languages are syllable-timed. This means that each syllable gets the same amount of time when it is spoken.</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: webdings; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><span face="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"> syllable-timed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stress-timed</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<ol start="2">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">When you speak English <i>without</i> stress-timed rhythm, native-speaking listeners have to focus extra hard to concentrate on what you’re saying. Native speakers have heard stress-timed rhythm since birth and depend on it. Native speakers grow weary faster when they have to listen to English <i>without</i> stress-timed rhythm. To hold your listening audience, you must practice stress-timed rhythm.</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<ol start="3">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">To learn good English rhythm, we need to know what words get stress, how to make the stress and what to do with the words and syllables that don’t get stress.</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>WHAT WORDS GET STRESS?</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Content Words</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Loud Function Words</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Soft Function Words</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b> Stressed</b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Stressed</b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Unstressed</b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">nouns</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">question words (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">what, what, when, why, where, how </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">to be (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">is, are, am, were, was, been, being, etc.)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">verbs</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">negatives (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">no, not, never, n’t</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">prepositions (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">to, from, in, on, at, beside, etc)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">adjectives</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">this/that/these/those</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">articles (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">the, a, an)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">adverbs</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">pronouns (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">he, she, her, his, him, I, me, you, your, they, them, etc)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">conjunctions (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">and, or, but, so, for, yet, nor than, as, because, if, since, while, before, etc)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">modals (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">can, should, ought to, could, would, etc)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 70px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 166px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 225px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">helping verbs (</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">have, had, has, will, does, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 144px; text-indent: 36px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">HOW DO WE STRESS WORDS?</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 4px; width: 243px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Stressed Words</b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 4px; width: 245px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Unstressed Words</b></span></p>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 243px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">1. stretched out, full vowel</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 245px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">1. quick, reduced vowel</span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 243px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">2. louder</span></p>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 245px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">2. quieter</span></p>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 243px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">3. higher pitch</span></p>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 245px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">3. lower pitch</span></p>
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<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 245px;" valign="top">
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">4. squeezed</span></p>
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<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use a rubberband to practice saying the quote below. Stretch the rubberband out when you say the syllables that have a </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">over them. Repeat, this time clapping when you say the stressed syllables.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: 36px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nothing but Money is sweeter than Honey</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Practice making stresses about the same distance apart from each other. Make sure the words in capital letters are always the same distance apart from each other. Clap when you say these words. Your clapping should keep an even tempo, like a metronome. The function words in between will have to be SQUEEZED between each clap.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 11px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CATS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> CHASE<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>MICE.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CATS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> CHASE<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>MICE.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CATS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>will<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> CHASE<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>MICE.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CATS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>have been<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> CHASing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>MICE.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CATS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>could have been<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CHASing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>MICE.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 11px; text-indent: -72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<ol start="6">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Practice identifying words that get stress. Put a </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">O </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">over the syllables that should be stressed and a </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: Symbol; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">ï</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> over the syllables that should be unstressed.</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">I didn’t wash the car.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Her friends were from Alaska.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">I think we should give her a job.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">The police are searching for the girl’s murderer.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">They learned about the class through word of mouth.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Are you looking for a new job or are you taking a break?</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">He works as an engineer for a company called Array Networks.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Once in a while, I give in to my appetite and eat a glazed donut with a cup of milk.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">It’s better than going to work.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Her birthday was on Thursday.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 72px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">We needed to call them at ten.</span></p><div><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-75887111983371433992020-08-06T12:12:00.067-07:002020-08-06T12:31:19.043-07:00What Word do I Stress? (Primary Phrase Stress-PPS)Primary Phrase Stress (PPS) is the loudest word in a phrase, or thought unit.<div><br /></div><div>General Rule: PPS falls on the last new content word in the phrase. Content words consist of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. </div><div><br /></div><div><span> </span>The match was between the <b>TWO</b> of them. (Two is the last content word in this sentence, and it hasn't already been mentioned.)</div><div><br /></div><div>My lessons on PPS will consist of Part I and II. Find the videos here: <div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EqPkQSAbnFo" width="320" youtube-src-id="EqPkQSAbnFo"></iframe></div>Part I. Part II (not ready yet.) Both will include examples of the general rule as well as exceptions. </div><div><br /></div><div>example conversation:</div><div><br /></div><div>Can I get a <b>picture</b> of you?</div><div><b>Why?</b></div><div>for a school <b>project.</b></div><div>What's the <b>subject </b>of the project?</div><div><b>Biology.</b> We talk about <b>snakes.</b></div><div><b>You're</b> the snake.</div><div>You <b>seriously</b> can't take a joke.</div><div>You just <b>wait.</b> I'll think of something <b>good</b> tomorrow.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>Can I get a <b>picture</b> of you? ("Picture" is the last content word.)</div><div><b>Why? (</b>There are no content words here, so stress the only function word.)</div><div>for a school <b>project. </b>("Project" is the last new content word. "School project" is not treated like a compound noun.)</div><div>What's the <b>subject </b>of the project? (Project is old. subject is the last new content word.)</div><div><b>Biology.</b> We talk about <b>snakes. </b>("Biology" is the only word in that thought unit, so stress it.) ("Snakes" is the last new content word in the next unit.)</div><div><b>You're</b> the snake. ("Snake" is old information. Also, there is a rule to stress explicit contrasts. They are calling each other snakes! To contrast between speakers, and who is accused of being a snake, "you're" is stressed.)</div><div>You <b>seriously</b> can't take a joke. (We could stress "joke," as the last new content word, but we can also stress strong adjectives or adverbs. Here, I chose to stress "seriously.")</div><div>You just <b>wait.</b> I'll think of something <b>good</b> tomorrow. Stress "wait" because it's the last new content word. Stress "good "because we don't include context-setting time adverbials, such as tomorrow, now, yet, again, as PPS.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Practice audio for this lesson found here:</div><div><a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/what-word-do-i-stress-pps-prt-1-repetition-practice">https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/what-word-do-i-stress-pps-prt-1-repetition-practice</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-49137563826167842822020-05-31T16:54:00.002-07:002020-05-31T17:13:10.936-07:00Intonation Made Easy!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This lesson accompanies <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIMGzwiJR8g">this YouTube video lesson</a>. <br />
Listen to this audio to practice the lesson. Repeat after me in the blank spaces to develop your muscle memory. Use this audio several times on different days. Try recording yourself doing the audio so you can compare your intonation to mine. <br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/831904456&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate" , "lucida grande" , "lucida sans unicode" , "lucida sans" , "garuda" , "verdana" , "tahoma" , sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sheila Lebedenko">Sheila Lebedenko</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/intonation-made-easy" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Intonation Made Easy">Intonation Made Easy</a></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Intonation</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Statements and WH ?’s have falling intonation</b>. Rise in pitch on the primary phrase stress, and fall after that syllable. If the primary phrase stress is on the last syllable, then you must rise and fall in the same syllable. Stretch out that syllable, so you can divide it into two parts.</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
<ol>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Let’s go to the </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">library</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="2">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Let’s go to the </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">show</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="3">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Where’s the </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">library</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">?</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="4">
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Where’s the </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">show</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">?</span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Yes-no ?’s, introductory words, unfinished thoughts and the first items in a list have rising intonation. </b>You must </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">fall in pitch</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> on the primary phrase stress before you can rise! If the PPS is on the last word, and the last word is only one syllable (or the word stress falls on the last syllable of that word,) divide that syllable into two parts, lowering in pitch on the first part and rising on the second part.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span> Yes-NO ?'s:</b></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;">
1. Do you like it?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;">2. Is that a fact? (fa ect)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;">3. Did you read the mail? (may yul)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;">4. Can you swim? (swi im)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px;">5. Is she a movie star?</span><br />
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<b>Introductory Words:</b><br />
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1.<b> </b>Actually, I don’t like it.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;">2. She lost her ticket. Therefore, she can't ride. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: 12px;">3. She paid for it. However, she can't find it. </span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></b></div>
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<b>Unfinished Thoughts:</b><br />
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1. I was going to call my boss, but I decided not to.<br />
2. I didn't want to hurt his feelings or get anyone in trouble.<br />
3. Despite my poor decision, I hope he'll forgive me. <b> </b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span>Lists:</b><br />
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1. I like carrots, broccoli, celery and corn.<br />
2. Do you like carrots, broccoli, celery and corn?<br />
3. Would you like coffee or tea? (a choice questions, with only two items in the list.)</div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-28726299513541900602020-04-26T15:32:00.001-07:002020-04-26T15:33:51.574-07:00Rhythm Practice: Reducing Prepositions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This lesson accompanies the YouTube video found <a href="https://youtu.be/6IBxrrW05D8">HERE</a>. It's important to reduce prepositions in sentences in order to achieve stressed-timed rhythm. Practice the story below by imitating each sentence. Speak out loud during the pauses in the recording. Repeat exactly what your here. Try to imitate the rhythm and everything about the sentence, including how fast and how loud each word is. Copy how I connect the words together also. <b>Listen to the repetition audio here:</b></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/807804361&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
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<a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sheila Lebedenko">Sheila Lebedenko</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/reducing-prepositions-repetition" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Reducing Prepositions Repetition">Reducing Prepositions Repetition</a></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">for = fur</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">to = tuh (t’) or duh (d’)</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tuh after a consonant</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>duh after a vowel or voiced consonant</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">on = stays on!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">in = stays in!</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">of = uh (a) before a consonant but stays “of” before a vowel!</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">than = thun</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">at = et</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">as = ez</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Remember, prepositions at the end of a sentence or phrase won’t reduce.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Practice:</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">I called </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">for</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> a taxi </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> go </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the mall </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">on</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> Third St.. I got </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">in</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the back </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">of</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the car and told the driver where I wanted </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> go. When the driver started </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> take a different route </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">than</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the one I’m used </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">, I tapped him </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">on</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the shoulder </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> ask him where he was going. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">To</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> my surprise, instead </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">of</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> answering me, the driver screamed, lost control </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">of</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the car, hit the curb </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">at</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> high speed, and stopped 2 inches </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">in</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> front </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">of</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> a pedestrian. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">As</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the taxi driver stared </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">at</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the frightened pedestrian who cursed </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">a</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">t us louder and longer </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">than</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> a machine gun, I feared </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">for</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the driver, but the driver continued </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">to</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the mall </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">as</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> though nothing had happened. He calmly told me, “Don’t tap me </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">on</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> my shoulder anymore. You scared the heck out </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">of </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">me.” I apologized, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">for</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> I hadn’t realized that a tap could scare him </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">as</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> much </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">as</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> it did. The driver assured me it was more his fault </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">than</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> mine. “Today’s my first day </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">as</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> a taxi driver. I’ve been driving a funeral car </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">for</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> the last 25 years.”</span></div>
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-52977812836120067562020-04-07T21:52:00.003-07:002020-04-07T21:52:43.520-07:00Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive Tenses: Grammar and Pronunciation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/793499293&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Find the YouTube Video <a href="https://youtu.be/ZUu6lhVemx0">here. </a> </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1. You’re a lot younger than me. By the time you start college, I'll have graduated.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 2. I’m working at the water station at the half way point. By the time runners get to my station, they'll have been running for more than an hour, so they'll be very thirsty.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 3. My friend already bought me ice cream, but I’m sitting in a traffic jam. By the time I get there, the ice cream will've been sitting on the table for more than 10 minutes and it'll have melted. I'll have to buy a new one.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 4. After the long test, we should plan some exercise because we'll have been sitting for 3 hours. Our legs'll be cramped.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 5. I’m going to be late to the potluck party, so I'l bring dessert. By the time I get there, everyone will've eaten dinner and should be ready for dessert.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 6. He’s going trick-or-treating for 3 hours! By the time he gets home, he'll have collected enough candy to last for 6 months! He’ll probably be very hyper because he'll have been eating candy for those 3 hours. We 'll have to throw away half of the candy!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> 7.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Tomorrow morning we should be able to go skiing.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">The blizzard will've stopped by then!</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> 8.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">We can’t go skiing until the ski resort has made enough snow.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">By this time next week, the resort will've had enough time to make ample snow.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">The snow blowers'll need maintenance though.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">They'll have been running them all week.</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> 9.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">If you start a college savings account for your baby now, he 'll be so rich by the time he goes to college. </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">The money will've been sitting in the account for 18 years,</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">It'll have accumulated so much interest!</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 10. If you wait till next year to refinance your house, the interest rates will've risen. Just do it now, while the rates are low.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue";">11.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue";"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue";">I wouldn’t buy 6 pairs of the same shoe.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue";"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue";">When you finally wear the 6th pair, your taste will've changed and you won't want them anymore.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> 12.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">We had better prepare dinner for Charlie.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">He 'll be hungry when he arrives because he'll have been driving for 6 hours.</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></span></div>
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-12227272613459180582020-03-09T23:05:00.001-07:002020-03-09T23:17:34.118-07:00American English Rhythm Practice: Do and Can Reductions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Rhythm Practice : Do and Can reductions</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Find the audio tracks below!</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Do = də (if helping verb)</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">1. How do you know?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">2. Why do you have to take my picture?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">3. Where do you think you’re sleeping? </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">4. What do you do if you want to look silly? (Ava and giselle)</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">5. Do you want to go to the movies?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">6. Wanna go to the movies? (“Do you” omitted)- informal </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">7. Do they fly? Yes, they DO. (end of utterance)</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Can = kin or kən</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">1. I can wait.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">2. Do you think he can reach it?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">3. Do you know where I can get a new smile?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">4. Can he stand up straight?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">5. Exception: end of utterance: “I think I CAN.” “Do what you can.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">6. When do the kids get to decide who can take their picture and who can’t?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">7. You can distort your photo or do whatever you can do to make yourself look more interesting because you can.</span></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/773596180&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<iframe width="100%" height="300" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/773599351&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true"></iframe>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-82299912749009068442020-01-25T07:59:00.000-08:002020-01-25T23:34:50.985-08:00American English Rhythm Practice: Blending<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Here are the written and audio materials for the <a href="https://youtu.be/ar09ErYbKr8">video lesson</a> on American English Rhythm Practice: Blending. Listen to me saying each sentence and repeat after me in the blank space provided. You will say each sentence several times. Each time, you should notice something new about how I say the sentence. Even if I say the sentence exactly the same way, you will still notice something you didn't notice the first time. Sometimes, I say the sentence slightly differently, perhaps faster or slower or with different intonation. Try to improve your observation and imitation skills. Notice everything about the sentence: my pitch, volume, consonants, vowels, stress, linking of words and of course the blending. Then imitate. You can try recording yourself doing the audio so that you can compare your version to my version. This is how you will improve.<br />
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<span style="color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 12px;">1. He’ll congratulate you.</span><br />
<span style="color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 12px;">2. I won’t interrupt you.</span><br />
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3. He’s glad you’re watching.</div>
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4. He hasn’t had any food yet.</div>
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5. He hurts your ears.</div>
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6. He tricks you with a book. </div>
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7. She wears your groceries.</div>
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8. She rides your bike recklessly.</div>
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9. Watch your step.</div>
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10. Look at Mary’s yellow dress.</div>
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11. I miss you.</div>
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12. Did you go?</div>
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13. Can’t you go?</div>
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14. How was your vacation?</div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/749189758&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-54465703390038779542020-01-16T18:36:00.000-08:002020-01-16T21:24:33.962-08:00Better Rhythm with Disappearing H<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/744709237&color=%2341140c&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe> <b style="font-family: "helvetica neue";"><span style="font-size: large;">Disappearing H Practice</span></b><br />
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(We can omit and often omit his, her, hers, he, and him at the middle or end of a sentence. Doing so helps us squeeze the pronouns between content words and achieve better rhythm.)</span><br />
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><br /></span>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> Repeat after me. Listen to the audio practice above. Observe and imitate everything about the sentence.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";">1. He’s got </span><span style="color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue"; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";">er head on </span><span style="color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue"; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";">is shoulder.</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";">( got her = godder.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";">on his = onniz)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMYy81E7xWDckod48lO_Q3DwAcvkn2hXmmEU0cC5xnOB_5tfqtBnOevnP1wfCxu9E9w9WcwajfvfTbd5F1wPt3Jw69is3zi9irl7q8pZEizy5IVOHF46AE7p34UmuaP8ASoOopNNrjzdyQ/s1600/He%2527s+got+her+head+on+his+shoulder+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="623" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMYy81E7xWDckod48lO_Q3DwAcvkn2hXmmEU0cC5xnOB_5tfqtBnOevnP1wfCxu9E9w9WcwajfvfTbd5F1wPt3Jw69is3zi9irl7q8pZEizy5IVOHF46AE7p34UmuaP8ASoOopNNrjzdyQ/s320/He%2527s+got+her+head+on+his+shoulder+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #454545; font-family: "helvetica neue";"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); caret-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">2. How does she keep </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er head on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er shoulders?</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(keep her = keeper. on her = onner)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLPKGo9G3FFn2fmTwPl6B8P8AOEGEXrJ-MgaDv0XETgzZ-AfteeTdkqaEgvJnU_qL5Jz_02NFu46a5Q9mHEnaVBWbX6d1ip9rbIPVEQ6eDrZaTTxh4lOJzDKXUJ0oyPntDaR-3DwZHngi/s1600/How+can+she+keep+her+head+on+her+shoulders+h+crossed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="626" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLPKGo9G3FFn2fmTwPl6B8P8AOEGEXrJ-MgaDv0XETgzZ-AfteeTdkqaEgvJnU_qL5Jz_02NFu46a5Q9mHEnaVBWbX6d1ip9rbIPVEQ6eDrZaTTxh4lOJzDKXUJ0oyPntDaR-3DwZHngi/s320/How+can+she+keep+her+head+on+her+shoulders+h+crossed.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">3. He’s holding </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is hamster on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is shoulder.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(holding his = holdingiz. on his = onniz</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAP-r4A8TyThFn6g8Gjq_cPzw-bYE64UtHLc7S8THHbT3fCjf31I1YgP4acLxCjANKIY_p0au4JvRjAyhtQdOHEaTcNS-7L2ArZlGT9jsrO5P7-Jmq1g6ski2OhsR8vR_0wSF9WL2JXfiJ/s1600/He%2527s+holding+his+hamster+on+his+shoulder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="626" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAP-r4A8TyThFn6g8Gjq_cPzw-bYE64UtHLc7S8THHbT3fCjf31I1YgP4acLxCjANKIY_p0au4JvRjAyhtQdOHEaTcNS-7L2ArZlGT9jsrO5P7-Jmq1g6ski2OhsR8vR_0wSF9WL2JXfiJ/s320/He%2527s+holding+his+hamster+on+his+shoulder.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">4. He’s holding </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is daughter on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is shoulders with </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is hands on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er legs, and she has </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er arms on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is head. </span><br />
holding his = holdingiz. on his = onniz. with his = withiz. on her = onner. has her = hazzer. on his = onniz.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhumpZV7_loQ3SI_v_GRVAVfvQsctP8VroCa1AIqWY64FVH0E5NQe6WxJ87_Lp4kKEm5e90QCbnByTnRssBAkLbnz7HrNEY99l68SSL3C3kfkadMb8fwBTTvQCV6gkihZID1PVxRtzLrNh0/s1600/He%25E2%2580%2599s+holding+his+daughter+on+his+shoulders+with+his+hands+on+her+legs%252C+and+she+has+her+arms+on+his+head..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="937" data-original-width="625" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhumpZV7_loQ3SI_v_GRVAVfvQsctP8VroCa1AIqWY64FVH0E5NQe6WxJ87_Lp4kKEm5e90QCbnByTnRssBAkLbnz7HrNEY99l68SSL3C3kfkadMb8fwBTTvQCV6gkihZID1PVxRtzLrNh0/s320/He%25E2%2580%2599s+holding+his+daughter+on+his+shoulders+with+his+hands+on+her+legs%252C+and+she+has+her+arms+on+his+head..jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">5. She has a pain on </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er back right next to </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er shoulder.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(on her = onner. to her = toower) Adding a W smoothly links “to” to “er.”)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQBe1MlrF0b1M8_UI99YqdhUkfZQyaLkUjA03ZQENo37c6oCaSVMCoRybevZHHqzLptXiJ2JBVJ05KEpdapNt9XiqTDRPSd9_Kw4RpfGkqUs9uqu1snpqj-bguypbpjYtPgyditEgHLe1b/s1600/she+has+a+pain+on+her+back+right+next+to+her+shoulder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="1000" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQBe1MlrF0b1M8_UI99YqdhUkfZQyaLkUjA03ZQENo37c6oCaSVMCoRybevZHHqzLptXiJ2JBVJ05KEpdapNt9XiqTDRPSd9_Kw4RpfGkqUs9uqu1snpqj-bguypbpjYtPgyditEgHLe1b/s320/she+has+a+pain+on+her+back+right+next+to+her+shoulder.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">6. He’s riding </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is bike with </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is girlfriend sitting behind </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">im holding on to </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is hips.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(riding his = ridingiz. with his = withiz. behind him = behindim. to his = toowiz.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4qC6RWYZuN3VBEuJvot63UrwGrcXXgcMNhL8zjrCGOksV5cIAlPAQRKDFx9oQsG17fHX9l2M27O5wOti_iqB9rMhLAbZz7ZwZiXdc7y7KbF-cZcRfAQ2FJ_rD5qUQoKiDwhhNmc80rZp8/s1600/He%25E2%2580%2599s+riding+his+bike+with+his+girlfriend+sitting+behind+him+holding+on+to+his+hips.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="450" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4qC6RWYZuN3VBEuJvot63UrwGrcXXgcMNhL8zjrCGOksV5cIAlPAQRKDFx9oQsG17fHX9l2M27O5wOti_iqB9rMhLAbZz7ZwZiXdc7y7KbF-cZcRfAQ2FJ_rD5qUQoKiDwhhNmc80rZp8/s320/He%25E2%2580%2599s+riding+his+bike+with+his+girlfriend+sitting+behind+him+holding+on+to+his+hips.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">7. She’s holding </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er daughter in </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er lap and helping </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er paint a picture.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(holding her = holdinger. in her = inner. helping her = helpinger.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5fnUBQLOzzdjgcpZQgn7A-KPWP-zRTFoe6lFnr9yxYNS-xV42yIjrOXx7pMQ3aREzbYMTaxW1M1SvsWINi04NIOfQz8oz7iOJk-Gu_noRANxaS2w7VQXNHNnZpCKiMz3PfR75s6y8C9nr/s1600/holding+her+daughter+in+her+lap+and+showing+her+how+to+paint.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="502" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5fnUBQLOzzdjgcpZQgn7A-KPWP-zRTFoe6lFnr9yxYNS-xV42yIjrOXx7pMQ3aREzbYMTaxW1M1SvsWINi04NIOfQz8oz7iOJk-Gu_noRANxaS2w7VQXNHNnZpCKiMz3PfR75s6y8C9nr/s320/holding+her+daughter+in+her+lap+and+showing+her+how+to+paint.jpeg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">8. She’s helping </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er son keep </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is balance on a log.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(helping her = helpinger. keep his = keepiz. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDs_O_LvwvKz2kZj7NwUHZhJCl8DUuvbSXJKUzFYIiSWmp2sbeUBEN_FFFxf8wHkj9PKdcZWgjb21TznndUap0rZFWwWkhfJsQT5OF-N24GukFFLAYx95Ilm3wfKVe_urUCHi3nU9E7F-/s1600/She%25E2%2580%2599s+helping+her+son+keep+his+balance+on+a+log..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDs_O_LvwvKz2kZj7NwUHZhJCl8DUuvbSXJKUzFYIiSWmp2sbeUBEN_FFFxf8wHkj9PKdcZWgjb21TznndUap0rZFWwWkhfJsQT5OF-N24GukFFLAYx95Ilm3wfKVe_urUCHi3nU9E7F-/s320/She%25E2%2580%2599s+helping+her+son+keep+his+balance+on+a+log..jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">9. She’s sharing </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er carrot with </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er horse, but the horse’ll probably beat </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">er to it.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(sharing her = sharinger. with her = wither. beat her = beader) T becomes fast D between vowels.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yGH60JTPStQRG6CwBtsWQYKbTIaMmdcgd5QSsVyIbGtOK2106Q2MmY9w6L5MPoDbbHzYHM42WOm7KDXSSqHvd4dwP8lzRENSAjPkh4JZr_26ROi3tFpFU6TdsYtQmq_ANzhSCYk6WmRx/s1600/she%2527s+sharing+her+carrot+with+her+horse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="480" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yGH60JTPStQRG6CwBtsWQYKbTIaMmdcgd5QSsVyIbGtOK2106Q2MmY9w6L5MPoDbbHzYHM42WOm7KDXSSqHvd4dwP8lzRENSAjPkh4JZr_26ROi3tFpFU6TdsYtQmq_ANzhSCYk6WmRx/s320/she%2527s+sharing+her+carrot+with+her+horse.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2265828519621071159" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">10. He’s sharing </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is money with </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is buddy. </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">(sharing his = sharingiz. with his = withiz.)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYfsHTu9tENsnxaYEkkPxJDK9tD-n4uV-pJMSztU00aWvyXU8nEaGdUpVaFP-0nonM1RBdtazJK5Y8SoYVigoG1CRfM6JB1uwmsI8zbLndPw0x54KxPEf_AO5OAEzJIt_Aj78_n_X3s8Xv/s1600/He+has+so+much+money+that+it%25E2%2580%2599s+filling+up+his+pockets%252C+so+he%25E2%2580%2599s+happily+sharing+his+money+with+his+buddy..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="626" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYfsHTu9tENsnxaYEkkPxJDK9tD-n4uV-pJMSztU00aWvyXU8nEaGdUpVaFP-0nonM1RBdtazJK5Y8SoYVigoG1CRfM6JB1uwmsI8zbLndPw0x54KxPEf_AO5OAEzJIt_Aj78_n_X3s8Xv/s320/He+has+so+much+money+that+it%25E2%2580%2599s+filling+up+his+pockets%252C+so+he%25E2%2580%2599s+happily+sharing+his+money+with+his+buddy..jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">11. Let’s talk to </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">im before </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">e changes </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">is mind.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">(to him = towim. before he = beforee. changes his = changeziz.)</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">12. I gave </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">er a chair and took one for myself, but she left </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">hers</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> in the other room.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">(gave her = gaver. Stress hers and say the H because we are contrasting it with “my” chair.)</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">13. Tell </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">im that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">e has to do it </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: line-through;">h</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">imself.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(69, 69, 69); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #454545; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">(Tell him = tellim. that he = thudee. that is reduced to thut, and T becomes Fast D between vowels. it himself = idimself.)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-53800339180708964662019-10-12T20:15:00.002-07:002020-01-25T23:36:08.263-08:00How to Say Coal, Core, Cold and Cord<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><u>How to Say Coal and Core, so you don't sound like "Co" and "Co."</u></b><br />
<u>This lesson has a video. <a href="https://youtu.be/-rX1LqBsagA">Click here.</a></u><br />
<br />
If your tongue isn't strong enough, no one will hear the L, unless you do this:<br />
<br />
CO + W + UL<br />
<br />
1) Round your lips for O.<br />
2) Round your lips even more for W. Your lips will grow forward. (W connects the O, or any round and tense back vowel, to the next vowel. <br />
3) Put a Schwa in front of the L to make the L more noticeable.<br />
<br />
This 3 step process is most noticeable when "coal" is at the end of a phrase. By stretching the word out, we can give it intonation.<br />
<br />
I want to buy some coal.<br />
<br />
Be sure to say it all in one breath of air! The air should exit your mouth at a constant rate. You will go up on "CO" and down on "WUL" However, don't have 2 puffs of air; in other words, don't let the 2 parts of the word be sharply contrasted. The up and down should be rounded out.<br />
<br />
Suppose the word "coal" is not at the end of a phrase. <br />
"coal miner"<br />
Now I stress "coal" but go down on "miner." So I have less time to stretch "coal." I will still have the two parts, but everything will be faster. Otherwise, you might sound like "co-miner"<br />
<br />
How do you make the L at the end of "coal"? It's not the same as the L in "light." Don't raise the tip of your tongue to the top of your mouth, like in "light." Don't make a clear L; instead make a dark L.<br />
<br />
To make a Dark L, try putting a pencil or popsicle stick in your mouth. Rest it on your bottom teeth. Let the front of your tongue press up against the stick. Make your tongue tense and really push up on the stick. The tongue can't go higher than the stick and that's what we want.<br />
<br />
Now try it without the stick, but pretend the stick is still there. Your tongue will be tense. At the same time, feel the area between your chin and throat. Something tense pops out of that area. That's the back of your tongue working hard to make the Dark L sound. There will be tension in your throat too. If you're not used to the Dark L, this tension will make you tired. Practice every day. It's like going to the gym to make your arms stronger. You need to make your tongue stronger for Dark L.<br />
<br />
The whole word is "Coal." The 2nd half of the word is lower-pitched. It will sink down into your chest. <br />
<br />
How about "Cold?" How do we add the D? It's not a true D, as in "dog." It's a held D. I make it by swallowing or cutting off my air supply in my throat. Do it suddenly and you'll have a held D. <br />
<br />
How about "Core?" <br />
<br />
CO + W + ER<br />
<br />
To make ER, pinch the corners of the lips, to make your mouth narrow. Then pull your tongue straight backward, like you're going to swallow it. Because your mouth is narrow, the sides of your tongue will touch the inside edges of the top molars. Practice pulling your tongue backward to develop tongue strength. <br />
<br />
You can also say "cord" if you stop exhaling. The sudden stop of air will create the held D. If you don't hold the OR long enough, it will sound like "court." So stretch out the "OR." <br />
<br />
<b>Let's practice</b>: <a href="https://soundcloud.com/sheila-lebedenko/coal-core-cold-cord-repetition">Coal Core Cold Cord Repetition Audio</a><br />
<br />
Repeat after me Observe carefully and then imitate:<br />
<br />
coal<br />
cold<br />
core<br />
cord<br />
coal cold<br />
core cord<br />
soul sore<br />
toll tore<br />
bowl bore<br />
dole door<br />
foal four<br />
goal gore<br />
hole whore<br />
mole more<br />
pole pour<br />
coal miner<br />
I want to buy some coal.<br />
The worm ate through the apple's core.<br />
They scored four goals.<br />
She poured milk in the bowl.<br />
I need more old doors.<br />
It's boring to do chores.<br />
Scroll through the whole text.<br />
<br />
Questions? See <a href="http://www.smooth-english.com/">www.smooth-english.com</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-89766055131631516782019-08-11T12:31:00.000-07:002020-01-25T23:37:05.234-08:00Word Stress: Nouns and Verbs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Word Stress</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Find the full course on Word Stress here: </b><a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/word-stress-of-american-english/?couponCode=SEWEBSITE">Click here for Word Stress course.</a><br />
<br />
To study word stress, we must understand that many words are made up of more than one syllable. A syllable is a unit of pronunciation that has only one vowel sound. The vowel sounds are related to a,e,i, o and u. All syllables are not of equal importance. Some syllables will be louder, held longer and have higher pitch than other syllables.<br />
<br />
Example: Roses has 2 syllables. “Ros” has one vowel “o”. “es” has another vowel “e.” Don’t treat the 2 syllables equally. Only one will be stressed. For 2 syllable nouns, we usually stress the first syllable. RO-ses, not RO-SES . VIO-lets, not VIO-LETS.
HON-ey, not HON-EY
If a word has only one syllable, like “word,” the word stress is easy. There are no choices.<br />
<br />
But we will look at rules for determining stress in words with more than one syllable:<br />
<br />
Word Stress Rules<br />
1) Nouns and adjectives – 1st syllable (rabbit, blossom, permit, addict, conduct, pretty)<br />
<br />
2 or 3 word nouns (compound nouns) – 1st word (parking lot, credit card, bookmark, football, database, laptop, baseball bat, bedroom furniture)<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/664360331&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
Example Sentences: (Play the above track and repeat after me Try to imitate everything you hear. Doing so several times will improve your observation and imitation skills as well as your muscle memory. The more you practice, the sooner your accent will change.)<br />
1. The woman has a credit card.<br />
2. Put sunglasses on your checklist.<br />
3. The Russian needs a green card.<br />
4. The bus driver bought a plane ticket.<br />
5. The football coach gave me his cell phone number.<br />
<br />
2) verbs – 2nd syllable ((permit, addict, conduct, prevent, discuss, demand)
Exceptions<br />
<br />
-(same whether noun or verb) – (copy, honor, market, measure, notice, practice, promise, purchase, sample, service, study, total, affect, alarm, attempt, demand, design, exchange)<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/664369283%3Fsecret_token%3Ds-ZkC3U&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
Example Sentences: (Play the above track to practice.)<br />
1. The addict is addicted to cocaine.<br />
2. The permit permits you to camp here.<br />
3. Have you sampled the sample?<br />
4. Have you studied the study?<br />
5. Have you discussed the problem and exchanged your thoughts?<br />
<br />
3) Phrasal Verbs/Nouns
Verbs:<br />
Verbs + particles (phrasal verbs) –
2nd word ((look over, pick out, turn down, rip off, let on)<br />
<br />
Phrasal nouns: 1st word (cut off, work out, turn up, turn off)<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/664370237&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
Example Sentences: (Play the above track to practice.)<br />
1. His body odor was a turn off; it turned me off.<br />
2. I took car in for a tune-up. The mechanic looked at the engine and tuned it up.<br />
3. The salesman ripped me off. The car was too expensive; it was a rip-off.<br />
4. She wore cut offs (pants that are cut into shorts.) The other car cut me off when I tried to change lanes.<br />
5. Go to the gym to work out. Enjoy your workout!
</div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-86372932735402922912017-06-22T14:49:00.002-07:002017-11-13T15:37:18.099-08:00American English Pronunciation for Indian IT Professionals: online course<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b> </b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"> I keep meeting guys like this: "I had 4 interviews with Google (or other high tech company) and they were about to hire me (because I'm so talented at what i do) but at the last minute they dropped me because of my 'communication skills.' They couldn't understand my Indian accent."</span><br />
<br />
See if you can quickly solve these word puzzles. If not, my course (American English Pronunciation for Indian IT Professionals) will definitely help your pronunciation (and teach you the rules behind these puzzles.) If you're curious about the answers, find them on Smooth English Facebook page.<br />
<br />
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
1.Gowoutinfindayello wapple. </div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
2.Wha rin the were ruld aryu struddingoff to?</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
3.Pudidinthechruckbifor ri leave furreno. </div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
4.I feeyul thudee really yappreshiyatesme.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
5.Iyalways hope tubeyon time tu skoowul.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
6.The newatturney at my yoffice has bluewize.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; line-height: normal;">
7.Tri yagin nafter riduwit.</div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-kerning: none;"> After earning a master's degree in teaching ESL with a focus on teaching pronunciation, I taught ESL and accent reduction in Silicon Valley for over a decade. I have worked with many high tech engineers and managers from India and dedicate this course to them. Students from different language backgrounds make different types of errors in English. Therefore, I am making separate courses for learners from different language backgrounds. T</span>his will save your time because you won't have to wade through material that is irrelevant to you. </div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> There are three types of students who could use this course. First, s</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">tudents who have already studied with me or in other accent reduction classes can use this course to review. Second, </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">for new students, the most economical way to reduce your accent is to learn a few sections of this course on your own and then schedule a private lesson to make sure you are producing the sounds correctly. </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Third, you can use this course to practice at the same time you are taking private lessons. </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Students often think they are producing a sound correctly but almost always need a private lesson to fine-tune their production.</span></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"> No one student is likely to make all the errors accounted for in this course. These errors are gathered from academic articles describing English learner errors and private data collected from the pre-test recordings of over 50 of my past Indian students. Their language backgrounds included Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Punjabi, </span>Hindi<b>, </b>Bengali<b>, </b>Marathi<b>, </b>Malayalam<b>, </b>and Punjabi.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
This course teaches pronunciation with advanced vocabulary words. We are not just using standard words like "cat," "dog" or "go to the store." The sentences for each target sound start with simple, everyday words but then each section ends with IT sentences, which revolve around the topic of information technology, business or computers. Words you use at work related to software and IT will be used in the course. This makes it different from other courses, which tend to use very basic, mundane vocabulary.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
The course is interactive. At any time you can ask me a question, and I'll get back to you. You won't be on your own.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"> This first published course covers vowels. <a href="https://www.udemy.com/american-english-vowels-for-indian-it-professionals/?couponCode=SMOOTHENGLISHWEBSITE" target="_blank"> https://www.udemy.com/american-english-vowels-for-indian-it-professionals/?couponCode=SMOOTHENGLISHWEBSITE</a> This link will allow you to buy the course, which consists of one hour of information-packed video, as well as written summaries and quizzes, for only $45. Consonants will be in a separate course. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-18501864792712471952014-05-31T22:37:00.001-07:002014-06-04T23:35:41.620-07:00Rules for Predicting S or Z sound (besides 3rd person/plural endings)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Many sources have published the rules for pronouncing s or z at the end of a 3rd person singular or plural word. Fewer sources have published other rules governing S and Z. This is what I've come up with:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The following letter combinations often make the <b>“S”</b>
sound: ce, ci, cy, x, psy, consonant +se, cc +e, i or y, sc, ss and s</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ce: Ice, rice, price, entrance, since, face, trace, peace,
place, niece, procedure, necessary, police, office, license, cent, certain,
receive, cell</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ci: Accident, decision, circulate, acid, aerobicize,
anglicize, annunciate, carcinogen, cigar, anticipate, homicide, society,
athleticism, calcium, cinch, circus, civil, crucify, decimal, docile </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exceptions: (sh instead) ancient, commercial, artificial,
social, appreciate, atrocious, suspicious</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cy: Lucy, lacy, fancy, juicy, cylinder, cycle, vacancy,
conspiracy, cymbal, cyanide, cyber, cypress, cyst </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->X + consonant, unstressed vowel or final X: excavate, exceed,
exhale, axle, expire, expert, expect, extreme, extra, next, elixir, toxic,
axon, fix</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: (sh instead) sexual, luxury, complexion</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ps (beginning of word): Psychology, pseudo, psalm, psyllium</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Consonant +se: Course, worse, disperse, hoarse, corpse,
eclipse, tense, expense, censor, rinse, immense, defense, Farsi, absent, false,
curtsey </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: observe, birdseye, cleanse</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cc + e, i or y: accent, accept, accident, success, eccentric,
accessory, vaccine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: bocci, soccer, cappuccino</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->h.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sc: ascent, crescent, descend, disciple, fascinate,
fluorescent, isosceles, luminescent, miscellaneous, muscle, obscene,
resuscitate, scenario, scene, scent, science, scissors</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ss: lesson, gloss, chess, bassoon, assign, assist,
assassinate, address</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->j.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->s: soft, escape, small, statistics, mistake, chemistry,
minister, register, miniscule, slow, snow, spout, spray, display, squeak, sweet
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The following letter combinations often make the <b>“Z” </b>sound:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->X + stressed vowel: examine, example, exact, exist, executive,
exotic, exude, exuberant, exult </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: ation words: taxation. relaxation</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->S is between two vowel sounds: music, reason, season, cousin,
disease, easy, posie, resign, isn’t, present, physician, position, positive,
president, preside, visit, physique</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: second
vowel sound begins plural or 3<sup>rd</sup> person ending or other suffix: leases, places, nooses, houses (noun),
defenses, busing, curiosity</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: (zh instead) ambrosia, corrosion</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: atherosclerosis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Vowel + se: use (verb), these, lose, cause, because, choose,
phase, tease, raise, cruise </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->exceptions: promise, house (noun), use (noun), close (adj.),
mouse, lease, loose, moose, noose, caboose, chartreuse, dose</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->ZZ: dizzy, puzzle,
fuzz</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Exception: (Italian words) pizza, pizzicato</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Z: Zipper, crazy, doze, razor</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Other: Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, lens</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->S can be silent:
aisle, island, isle, debris, Arkansas, Illinois, rendezvous, corps</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">4) Z can be
silent: rendezvous, laissez-faire</span></div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-63640301757756131322014-03-30T10:00:00.001-07:002019-10-11T12:47:16.045-07:00Invisible Y before some long U sounds<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
Invisible Y Before Some Long U Sounds</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">After
P, B, K, G, F, V, H and M, there always seems to be a Y sound before the long U
unless the long U is spelled "oo" or "ou" as in papoose, cougar, acoustic, gooey or food.
(exception = buoy, jacuzzi, guru, hula, and other foreign words. also "move")<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">There also seems to be a Y sound after L and N if the L or N occurs at the end of a stressed syllable.
example: value, cellular, salutation- but not salute or illuminate<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="background: white;">continue, venue - but not manure, nuclear<span class="apple-converted-space"> ) </span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span class="apple-converted-space">How do you know which syllable to stress? <a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/word-stress-of-american-english/?couponCode=SEWEBSITE">Try this online course on word stress</a></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Beginning of Word</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">: (<i>Insert a
y before eu, ew, u vowel)</i> Unicorn.
Utensil. Ewe. Unison. Eulogy.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>P</b>: Computer. Pewter.
Puke. Reputation. Puny.
Population. Copulate. Impunity.
Putrid. Amputate. Pure.
Opulence. Pupil. Puberty.
Scapula. Stipulate. Spew.
Deputy, Puget Sound (But no Y
in: Papoose, spoon)</div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">B:<span style="font-weight: normal;">
Rebuke. Beauty. Busey.
Tribunal. Tribute. Abuse.
Distribute. Nebula. Ambulance.
Attribute. Bugle. Butane.
Fabulous. Debutant. Nebulizer.
Bureaucrat. Tabulate. Tribulations. Tubular (But no Y in:
Buoy, boost, boomerang)</span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">K:<span style="font-weight: normal;">
Cue. Queue. Cute. Curious. Incubate.
Cube. Accuse. Cupid.
Curator. Accumulate. Matriculate. Articulate.
Speculate. Innoculation. Molecule.
Accurate. Barbecue. Calculus.
Obscure. Procure. Rescue.
Ridicule. Secular. Skewer. Vacuum, Vascular. Innocuous. Mercury.
Excuse. Occupy. Mucus.
Binocular. Acuity, acupuncture (But no Y in:
coo, cool, coon, acoustic, cougar)</span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>G:</b>
Argue. Singular. Angular.
Regulate. (But no Y in: guru,
gooey, goofy, goose)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>F:</b> Few. Confusion.
Fuse. Feud. Fuel.
Fume. Fuse. Infusion.
Funeral. Futile. Refuge.
Refuse. Diffuser. Refute.
Coiffure. Sulfuric, phew (But no Y in food, fool)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>V:</b> View. Ovulation.
Interview. (But no Y in voodoo)<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>H:</b> Huge. Hugh.
Hue. Humor. Houston.
Human. Humid. (But no Y in hula)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>L:</b>
Value. Cellular. Volume.
Soluble. Salutation. Telluride.
Failure (But no Y in salute,
conclude, absolute, aluminum, lewd, illuminate) <i>Notice that each word has a
stressed syllable that ends in l.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>M:</b> Music.
Amuse. Museum. Mutant.
Mural. Mutual. Mule.
Mute. Mucous. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(But no Y in move, moo, moody)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>N:</b>
Continue. Insinuate. Venue.
Granular. Manual. Monument.
Minuet. Sinuous. Tenuous.
Tenure. Annual. Annuity (optional) (But no Y is manure, nuclear, nude) <i>Notice that each word has a stressed syllable that ends in an
N.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/664342187&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
Practice: (Play this audio to hear these sentences repeated several times. Use the space between each repetition to imitate the sentence yourself. Try to imitate exactly what you hear. Each time you repeat a sentence, you will catch something you didn't hear the previous time.)</div>
<br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal">He’s
curious about how to do the computation.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">The
deputy has a fabulous reputation at the tribunal.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Everyone
in the ambulance was confused.
Would he need his leg amputated?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">The
levels of mercury are regulated in Houston.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">He
refused to stipulate the requirements of his tenure in the interview.</li>
</ol>
</div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-47806100573521169822014-03-30T09:42:00.004-07:002017-12-09T21:24:32.741-08:00When to use Voiced or Voiceless TH/th<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" style="background: white; text-align: center;">
<b>When to use
voiced or voiceless TH / th<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="background: white;">
1) In the initial position, the "TH" is
voiced in "function words". This includes pronouns, articles,
demonstrative adjectives, etc. The list is finite and not very long. They,
them, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then, than, though,
although, thus, there, (therefore, thereby, etc.)<br />
(Exception = through)</div>
<div style="background: white;">
2) In medial position, the "th" is voiced
when followed by "er" or a final silent "e": feather,
mother, brother and breathe, teethe, seethe, writhe, etc. Note: "er"
means the spelling, "er", not "or".<br />
"author" is not voiced.
(Also, notice how well the rule works with:<br />
south/ southern, north/northern.)</div>
<div style="background: white;">
Exception = Katherine, ether, panther, anther, </div>
<div style="background: white;">
3) Words with final thm are voiced: rhythm,
algorithm, logarithm. The following
words have a voiceless th, silent th or alternate sound because the thm is not
final or the spelling is “them” or “thom.”
voiceless th: arithmetic, anthem, xanthoma, birthmark, bathmat. Silent th: Isthmian, Isthmus. Z: asthma.
Exception = fathom (voiced TH)</div>
<div style="background: white;">
4) "th" is final position is voiceless
with one exception: "smooth".<br />
5) Note: I've come up with these rules through research and the input of other teachers. If you find any more exceptions or know of other rules, please share.</div>
<div style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<b>Use the rules to determine how to pronounce the
“th” in each of these words:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Th and TH list:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Together Nothing Thirst Mother Thursday</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Those fathom Everything These
Thing
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There Authority Thin Then Thesaurus </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wrath Bath Katherine ethereal panther </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
anther algorithm rhythm bathmat
With </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pathetic Catheter
Faithful Gothic Lethal </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mathematics Seethe Teethe Teeth The </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bother Father Mother Leather Feather </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
North Northern South Southern Atheist </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Author Smooth Myth Either Ether
</div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Isthmus logarithm</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<a href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=P1reBVeAX/c&offerid=358574.1809&subid=0&type=4"><img alt="Sitewide-SGP 200x200" border="0" src="https://ad.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/show?id=P1reBVeAX/c&bids=358574.1809&subid=0&type=4&gridnum=0" /></a></div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-4842776359951475042013-08-04T11:32:00.000-07:002014-06-04T23:35:41.651-07:00Rules and Examples for How to Pronounce -ng-<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>Rules and Examples for How to Pronounce -ng-</u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>"ng" in a word can be pronounced -ng-, -ng-+-g-, -n-+-j-, or -ng-+-k-. How do you know which one?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ng</b>: swing, swinger, swinging, ring, ringer, ringer,
ringed, rang, rung, spring, sprang, sprung, springer, springy, springing,
sting, stinging, stinger, string, stringing, stringy, hang, hanging, hanger,
hangable, long, longness, long ago, fang, gang, gangster, king, pang, song,
sing, sang, sung, singer, singing, tang, tango, tongs, tongue, tonguing,
tongued, meringue, harangue, wing, wrong, wronger, wronging
(<u>If a word ends in "ng" it is pronounced -ng-. If a word ending in ng has a suffix, such as er, ing, ed, y, able)
the pronunciation usually stays ng, and not ng+g</u>) exception: longer,
longest are pronounced ng+g. Tongue, meringue, and harangue also end with the -ng- sound even though they contain "ngue"</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ng+g</b>: anger, anguish, finger, linger, angle, bangle, dangle, hunger, jungle, jingle, longer,
longest, mangle, mingle, mongoose, kangaroo, flamingo, single, shingle, tangle,
tingle, wrangle, bungalo, fungus, fungal, tango, strangle, bingo, Bengal,
bungle, merengue, distingue (<u>the syllable after the ng is not a suffix (but is part of the root)
so you pronounce it ng+g</u>)
exception: longer, longest are
pronounced ng+g</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Either ng or ng+g</b>: hangar, English, Singapore</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>N+j</b>: angel, ginger, stingy, swinge, tinge, fringe,
engine, lunge, singe, singer (that singes), tangent, tangible, manger, danger,
ranger, stranger (<u>nge#, nger#,ngen, ngible, and ngel are pronounced n+j</u>) # means the end of the word.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Either Ng+g or n+j</b>: fungicide</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ng+k</b>: stinker, funk, funky, junk, monk, monkey, tank,
ankle, link, bank, extinct, function, uncle, sprinkle</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Either Ng or Ng+k</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">:
function, extinct, angst, amongst</span></div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-3855805321935777462013-05-09T08:38:00.002-07:002014-06-04T23:35:41.639-07:00new series of iPhone Apps for teaching American English Pronunciation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://www.smooth-english.com/" target="_blank">Smooth English</a> is releasing a series of iPhone and iPad Apps for teaching American English pronunciation and aural discrimination skills. Check our <a href="http://www.blogger.com/at%20http://www.appstore.com/dmitrylebedenko" target="_blank">App Store</a> for new releases. Each App will be targeted toward a specific language background because learners from different language backgrounds make different errors when speaking English. Not only do they struggle with producing different sounds, but they make different types of errors for the same target sounds. For instance, while a Vietnamese speaker may say -t- instead of the voiceless -th-, a French speaker would say -s- instead of the voiceless -th-, That's why we are releasing so many versions of our App. This way, learners do not have to waste time learning sounds they already know.<br />
<br />
Our first App was released May 8, 2013: <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=637374793&mt=8" target="_blank">American English Pronunciation for Vietnamese</a>. You can watch my <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7o7fMkFGFYs" target="_blank">demo video</a>. I started with Vietnamese because from my teaching experiences, it seems that Vietnamese speakers have one of the highest levels of sound swapping stemming from their lack of exposure to the sounds of English. Those growing up with the Vietnamese language never heard many of the sounds that exist in English. If you didn't hear those sounds before puberty, it makes it much harder to recognize them and distinguish them from other sounds when you're older. That's why Vietnamese adults who want to learn English need extra practice listening to the sounds of English. <br />
<br />
But just listening to the radio or TV can be frustrating, and it doesn't give you feedback on whether you heard correctly. With our App, you can listen to minimal pairs. These are two words that are exactly the same except for the target sound you are working on. For example, in one of my games: you will hear "lap lab lab." The user must determine which word was different. It can be hard for Vietnamese speakers to hear the final voiced consonants. If they choose the wrong answer, they can press replay over and over again until they hear it. Plus, they will see the correct answer on the screen. This is very focus listening practice with instant feedback that you can do anywhere, any time. Even if you just have a minute, that's a minute of practice you can squeeze into your day while sitting on the train or between meetings. Sound discrimination practice is best done for short ssession several times a day.<br />
<br />
Other activities on our App include listening to phrases that contain the target sounds. Each sentence was recorded by native speakers of American English, using the proper rhythm and intonation of English. App users can listen to the phrases repeatedly and pause to imitate the speaker.<br />
<br />
Party Room is a unique game where many words with the target sound are being said at the same time. This simulates that feeling that the user is at a party with many distractions and multiple conversations. Which words do you overhear? Click on them to see if you're right! This is a more advanced activity and requires very sharp listening skills.<br />
<br />
Our second release was <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/american-english-pronunciation/id645971344?mt=8&uo=4" target="_blank">American English pronunciation for Chinese</a>. It includes sounds not in the Vietnamese App, including -n- at the end of a word. Did you near sleigh? or slain? How about -ng- vs. -nk-? Did you hear thing or think?<br />
<br />
On June 3, 2013, <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/american-english-pronunciation/id654418574?mt=8&uo=4" target="_blank">American English Pronunciation for French</a> was released. It includes sounds such h, contrasted with no sound at all (hotter vs. otter) and j contrasted with -zh- (a Cajun vs. occasion). <br />
<br />
On June 13, 2013, we released <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/american-english-pronunciation/id659256142?mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D4" target="_blank">American English Pronunciation for Japanese</a>. It includes -r- vs. -l-, -f- vs. --h-, -zh- vs. -sh- and -er-, among many other sounds. Did you hear confusion or Confucian? phone or hone?<br />
<br />
We've also released <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/consonant-clusters-in-english/id646647300?mt=8&uo=4" target="_blank">Consonant Clusters in English Pronunciation</a>. This particular App is designed for all English learners, regardless of language background. It contains more difficult sounds that most English learners need to practice. It includes the same activities as above for consonant clusters (such as -kch-, -ksh, kstr), consonant blends (such as -bl- and -thr-), past tense -ed- endings and plural or 3rd person singular endings -s-. Listening to past tense vs. present tense is a very subtle listening experience. Learners need all the practice they can get so they can understand and learn to produce the endings correctly. The same goes for -s- vs. -z- endings. Learners can thoroughly practice learning when to use -s- or -z- or -iz- at the end of a word.<br />
<br />
In designing these Apps, great care was taken in selecting the words to be recorded. Words with target sounds at the beginning, middle and end of the word were all chosen. Words with target sounds after and before a variety of other sounds were chosen. This way learners can hear the sounds in as many environments as possible. Sometimes, a learner can say -sh- after one vowel but not another. This App will catch all possible situations and not leave the learner stranded.<br />
<br />
Let us know if you have any feedback on our Apps. Please review us on the Apple Apps store, so others can find and use our Apps too. Let us know how our App compares to others for honing your English sound discrimination skills. Let us know if your confidence in hearing and producing all the sounds of English is improving. We'd love to hear from you. Look for Apps for Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, German and Russian coming soon.<br />
<br />
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-29709478444836388572013-04-07T23:39:00.002-07:002020-08-06T14:25:02.908-07:00Study Tips for Accent Reduction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Study Tips for Accent Reduction Students<br />
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1. At your lesson, pick 5-10 difficult words or phrases and write each on a sticky note. Post the notes near your computer at work. Then you'll look at them several times a day. Look at them before you take a walk down the hall to the restroom. Then practice saying them on your break. After a week, check with your teacher or a native speaker how you're doing with each word/phrase on your sticky note. Once you're doing it right, toss the sticky note.<br />
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2. When you say a word or phrase that was misunderstood (you were asked to repeat yourself), write the word/phrase on a sticky note. Then go ask a native speaker how to say the word/phrase. Ask if you can record them using your smartphone. Now you have the recording and your sticky note to remind you to practice!<br />
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3. Check out some children's read aloud books from the library. Practice reading them aloud. Children's books are written in a way that sounds great when read aloud. Some children's books come with audio recordings. Read along, listen and imitate!<br />
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4. Don't try to incorporate all the pronunciation rules you're learning into your everyday speech all at once. Alot 5 minutes at a time to practice. Agree with yourself that for this 5 minutes, while I'm talking to a colleage, I will just work on my linking. Or for this 5 minutes, while I'm talking to a friend, I will just work on making all my -th- sounds clear.<br />
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5. When you're listening to native speakers in person or on the radio or TV, of course you need to pay attention to the content of what they're saying, but make a play to spend a couple minutes at a time listening for one fo the rules you're studying. For example, for the next 2 minutes, I will listen for their disappearing H, or H elision. Did he say, "She has her own house" or "She has er own house"?</div>
Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265828519621071159.post-25286267299836024792012-11-07T15:23:00.001-08:002014-06-04T23:35:41.627-07:00American English Consonants- Part 1: stops<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Sheila Lebedenkohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03101049682333915506noreply@blogger.com0